The Godfathers of Horror Films

Boris Karloff, Peter Cushing, and Christopher Lee’s shared history and impact on horror films through social upheavals and fame.

Boris Karloff, Peter Cushing and Christopher Lee: three middle-class Englishmen whose names are synonymous with the history of the horror movie. Karloff was born in 1887, the year of Queen Victoria’s Golden Jubilee, and Lee, the youngest, died in 2015, when Queen Elizabeth II became the longest-reigning British monarch.

Most books about movie stars focus solely on the films but this ingeniously linked biography of Karloff, Cushing and Lee describes the cataclysmic social and political upheavals which shaped them along with the film industries of Britain and Hollywood. During their lifetimes they saw magnificent theatres repurposed as cinemas, which were in turn transformed into bingo halls as television became the medium which posed a threat to the movies, but would ultimately save their careers and make their classic films accessible to younger generations.

The three had much in common. They were born within a few miles of each other – Karloff in Camberwell, Cushing in Croydon and Lee in Belgravia. None of them had a happy childhood and they struggled at school. They all wanted to act, which was not the sort of career that their backgrounds had equipped them for. Curiously, they were all middle aged before they became not simply well known, but world famous.

All three are forever associated with the two key stories from which the horror genre emerged – Mary Shelley’s Frankenstein and Bram Stoker’s Dracula – stories with universal and contemporary resonance. They knew that they were typecast and, with some reservations, accepted it and never stopped working. They knew that while we smile at horror films they play into our deepest anxieties about the modern world. Since their deaths, the horror film – often written off – has seen a resurgence and a critical appreciation which, in part, relies on the worldwide affection for these three great stars of the screen.